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George Orwell's allegorical novel ''Animal Farm'' contains various anthems adopted by the eponymous farm, most notably the original anthem "Beasts of England" and its later replacement "Comrade Napoleon". This change is used to show the corruption of the principles of the animals' rebellion by Animal Farm's leader Napoleon. Both the ''The Internationale'' and "Beasts of England" reflected the principles of Marxism and Animalism, respectively. Their replacement by different anthems reflects how these ideologies were arguably distorted by Stalin and Napoleon and thus had to be replaced and suppressed. The development corresponds to the historical events of 1943, when Joseph Stalin had ''The Internationale'', previously the anthem of the Soviet Union, replaced with a new, more patriotic national anthem. However, while "Beasts of England" was outlawed in the novel, ''The Internationale'' was not banned by the Soviet Union at any time and remained as the anthem of the Communist Party. =="Beasts of England"== "Beasts of England", the original anthem of the ''Animal Farm'' corresponds to the famous socialist anthem, ''The Internationale'', but also alludes to Shelley's ''Men of England''. In the book, the pig Old Major explains his dream of an animal-controlled society three nights before his death. Also, the book says that the tune of Beasts Of England is "a cross between ''La Cucaracha'' and ''Oh, My Darling Clementine''." :''Beasts of England, Beasts of Ireland, Beasts of every land and clime, Hearken to my joyful tidings Of the Golden future time.'' :''Soon or late the day is coming, Tyrant Man shall be o'erthrown, And the fruitful fields of England Shall be trod by beasts alone.'' :''Rings shall vanish from our noses, And the harness from our back, Bit and spur shall rust forever, Cruel whips no more shall crack.'' :''Riches more than mind can picture, Wheat and barley, oats and hay, Clover, beans, and mangel-wurzels Shall be ours upon that day.'' :''Bright will shine the fields of England, Purer shall its waters be, Sweeter yet shall blow its breezes On the day that sets us free.'' :''For that day we all must labour, Though we die before it break; Cows and horses, geese and turkeys, All must toil for freedom's sake.'' :''Beasts of England, Beasts of Ireland, Beasts of every land and clime, Heaten well, and spread my tidings Of the Golden future time.''〔Orwell, Animal Farm, pp. 9–10.〕 The animals sing "Beasts of England" frequently after the rebellion, especially after meetings. At one point when Clover the horse questions the direction of Animal Farm, she sings "Beasts of England" which causes the other animals to join in. (The song's tune is described in the novel as sounding like a combination of "La Cucaracha" and "Oh My Darling, Clementine".〔) After "Beasts of England" has been used to express criticism of the direction of Animal Farm, Napoleon tries to supplant the song, arguing that such an anthem is antiquated and no longer needed after the rebellion has been completed. The anthem is first replaced by the short "Animal Farm!" and later by "Comrade Napoleon", while "Beasts of England" is eventually outlawed. The phasing out of "Beasts of England" as the anthem of Animal Farm corresponds to the Soviet Union's 1944 replacement of ''The Internationale'' with the National Anthem of the Soviet Union. Suzanne Gulbin compares the role of "Beasts of England" to that of the conch in William Golding's ''Lord of the Flies'': it serves to create enthusiasm and unity, and its banning represents the loss of hope for a better life. Florence and William Boos read the fact that the animals continue to sing "Beasts of England" after it is banned as a testimony to the power of the memory of Old Major. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anthems in Animal Farm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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